Science

The AHA Science Department agrees with ABET (The Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology), the leading authority in engineering education that the best high school preparation for a career in engineering includes a strong background in science and math. In addition to traditional courses, ABET suggests a focus on communication skills, a commitment to lifelong learning, an appreciation for cultural diversity, and the ability to drive change.

For students interested in a career in engineering, AHA offers the following sequence of courses:

Normal Sequence
Grade	Science	Math
9	Biology	Intermediate Algebra
10	Chemistry	Geometry
11	Physics	Algebra II
12	Elective	Pre-Calculus
Accelerated Sequence
Grade	Science	Math
9	Pre-AP Biology	Advanced Intermediate Algebra
10	Pre-AP Chemistry	Advanced/Accelerated Geometry/Algebra II
11	AP Chemistry/AP Biology	AP Pre-Calculus
12	AP Physics I	AP Calculus

 

Writing and Communications: Students interested in preparing for college engineering programs should take Public Speaking and Presentational Styles in addition to the required yearly English courses.

Suggested key electives: Computer Art, Computer-Aided Drafting, Computer Science. 

3 credits

Grade Level: 9

Prerequisite: None

This is an introductory course to the biological sciences. Students will explore the world of living organisms and develop an understanding of how biology applies to everyday life. In this course, students will cover the following topics: biochemistry, the cell, cell metabolism, cell reproduction, DNA function/replication, genetics, protein synthesis, ecology, evolution, human body systems, and biotechnology.

Learning Outcomes:

• Read, speak and think scientifically in order to solve scientific problems using models and diagrams.
• Connect math and science.
• Use the scientific method to collect data to answer a scientific question or problem.
• Analyze and evaluate data collected.
• Understand and use scientific explanations and theories.
• Connect and relate all topics taught throughout the course of Biology.

3 credits

Grade Level: 9

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisite: Passing score on Physical Science Proficiency Test or 90% on the entrance test science section, concurrent enrollment in Advanced Intermediate Algebra I or higher, and instructor approval.

This course is designed to be an introductory Biology class which will serve as the first-year course for those students who may plan to take the AP Biology course their junior or senior year at Holy Angels. In this course, students will cover the following topics: biochemistry, the cell, cell metabolism, cell reproduction, DNA function/ replication, genetics, protein synthesis, ecology, animal behavior, evolution, human body systems, and biotechnology.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Define basic biological concepts and processes.
• Identify the characteristics and basic needs of living organisms.
• Understand the interconnection between living organisms and their environment.
• Perform laboratory experiments which will enhance students' knowledge of the topics covered and practice and implement skills in experimental design and the scientific method.
• Demonstrate problem-solving and critical thinking skills.
• Illustrate the use of various methods of data presentation (charts, graphs, illustrations, tables, spreadsheet/graphing software).
• Relate math to science and biology.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisite: Pre-AP Biology and Pre-AP Chemistry, with a C+ average in both and instructor approval. (Upon instructor approval, students with a B+ average in Chemistry may be admitted.)

This is a second course in Biology to prepare students to take the Advanced Placement Biology test. This course may be taken by juniors and seniors through St. Mary’s University for college credit. This is a rigorous course designed for the college-bound student who is considering majoring in medicine or other biological sciences. This course is for the self-motivated student who has a profound interest in biological sciences. Students will prepare for and take the AP exam in the spring. Students must purchase a college lab notebook for this class.

Successful completion of summer course work is required to be admitted to this class.

Learner Outcomes:

• Apply the scientific method to problems encountered in daily life.
• Provide examples of the historic development of current scientific thought.
• Demonstrate basic skill of measuring, data collection, and data interpretation.
• Interpret simulations of biological systems and relate them to concrete applications.
• Identify the internal and external organelles of both the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and define the functions of each.
• Recognize energy pathways such as photosynthesis, respiration, and overall cellular metabolism.
• Describe the basic process of mitosis and meiosis, and how they are related to the life cycle of organisms.
• Describe the major principles of genetics along with the mechanisms of inheritance and the process by which protein and DNA are synthesized.
• Understand the mechanisms of natural selection and their impact on evolution.
• Describe human/plant structures and functions including reproductive biology, development, behavior, and regulation of systems.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Prerequisite: Completion of one year of Biology and Chemistry.

Engineering and Technology in Science is a STEM based course designed to teach students the fundamentals of forensic science, DNA technologies, and environmental engineering.

Trimester 1: Forensic Science

The first trimester will focus on forensics, the application of science, engineering, and math for solving crimes. It will be rich in exploration and lab investigation which applies many disciplines of scientific study such as biology/anatomy, chemistry, and physics to solving crimes. Labs include crime scene and evidence collection, time of death analysis, fingerprint analysis, blood spatter analysis, and forensic anthropology. 

Learner Outcomes:

• Use various lab techniques to analyze evidence and solve crimes.
• Understand how crime scene investigators and law enforcement work together to solve crimes.
• Understand the importance of evidence collection and the reliability of certain types of evidence (eye witness, fingerprints, DNA). 

Trimester 2: DNA Technologies

The second trimester of the course is designed to give students a comprehensive introduction to the scientific concepts and laboratory research techniques currently used in the field of DNA technology such as DNA extraction, gel electrophoresis, and PCR. Students attain knowledge about the field of biotechnology and deeper understanding of the biological concepts used. In addition, students develop the laboratory, critical thinking, and communication skills currently used in the biotechnology industry. Furthermore, students will explore and evaluate career opportunities in the field of biotechnology through extensive readings, laboratory experiments, class discussions, and research projects.

Learner Outcomes:

• Demonstrate knowledge of biological processes on the molecular and cellular levels.
• Approach and solve biological problems critically with scientific literacy in individual and group settings.
• Demonstrate ability to perform molecular, cellular, and biochemical techniques used in biotechnology.
• Apply ethical practices in all aspects of biotechnological scientific endeavors.

Trimester 3: Environmental Engineering

The third trimester of the course will introduce the engineering and design process and the concepts of energy and energy issues focusing on sustainable and renewable energies such as ocean thermal technologies, wind power, biofuels, and solar energy. Projects include designing and testing windmills, and will culminate in the design, construction, and testing of a solar boat that will compete in a solar boat regatta in May.

Learner Outcomes:

• Use processes of designing, building, and testing solutions to solve social issues and respond to need of the environment.
• Understand that the Earth is one interconnected system comprised of numerous ecosystems. Natural systems change over time and space.
• Consider cultural, social and economic factors when developing solutions to environmental issues.
• Demonstrate that human survival is dependent on developing practices that will achieve sustainable systems.

 3 credits
Grade Level: 12

Prerequisite: Completion of three years of science, recommendation form from science/math teacher on discipline and performance and application form with written interest and research topics identified.

The Science Research and Design Class is a course designed to introduce students to the dynamic and multifaceted world of scientific research to experience the planning, performing, and communicating of original science and engineering research. The course adopts a more free-form structure, empowering students to be self-disciplined and self-motivated in their pursuit of knowledge. Trimester I focuses on foundational activities, including an exploration of the scientific method, analysis of scientific data, and honing skills in interpreting and effectively communicating scientific concepts. As students progress into Trimester II, they will transition into independent research projects, utilizing the knowledge and skills acquired to explore original science and engineering inquiries. During this phase, dedicated independent work time will be provided to facilitate the development of individual research projects. In Trimester III, the focus shifts towards the culmination of the research journey. Students will work towards completing their research projects and engage in the creation of a scientific poster, which will be showcased during the Research Symposium. This platform provides an opportunity for students to communicate their findings to a broader audience by entering the Regional Science Fair, fostering a culture of scientific discourse and collaboration.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Identify a scientific question to pursue in academic research with the assistance of their STEM advisor(s) and professional mentor.

• Be able to review and conduct thorough analysis of professional scientific journal articles.

• Exhibit an understanding of data and error analysis and how to use and interpret some basic inferential statistical tests.

• Convey an understanding of the structure of primary research articles and learn how to interpret and evaluate them.

• Be able to develop methods of conducting research using biochemical and technological equipment.

• Create multiple tables, graphs, and other visual tools to present and analyze their findings throughout their research.

• Describe the purpose of their research and present their final conclusions to multiple audiences.

• Learn numerous lab techniques and work with advanced biological and chemical equipment not offered through the required, general curriculum.

• Write a technical paper based on scientific research.

3 credits  

Grade Level: 11, 12

Prerequisites: Concurrent enrollment or completion of Algebra II Concepts or higher

Physics is the study of the motion in the natural world and is required by several college majors including: engineering physical therapy, and nursing. Topics covered are: kinematics in two dimensions, work and energy, circular motion, momentum, electric fields, electric circuits, magnetic fields, wave phenomenon, sound, properties of light, geometric optics, and modern physics. In addition to learning the concepts of physics, students will develop logical problem-solving skills and improve science communication skills that can be applied to situations outside of the classroom.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Justify the outcomes of a scientific experiment in a variety of formats (written formal lab report, verbal explanation, drawing of diagrams, etc.).
• Derive the outcome of an experimental scenario with the application of formulas.
• Construct electrical systems and devise a method of analyzing parts of the circuit.
• Conduct experiments utilizing computer interface and technology, as well as classical physics materials.
• Present data using spreadsheet software.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisite: Completion of Algebra II with a grade average of C+ or better or completion of Physics. 

AP Physics I is the equivalent to a first-semester college course in algebra-based physics. The course covers Newtonian mechanics (including rotational dynamics and angular momentum); work and energy; momentum; and simple harmonic motion. Students are expected to be proficient in solving linear equations, working with ratios and proportions, and using basic trigonometry. Students will prepare for and take the AP Physics I exam in the spring for potential college credit.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Solve systems of equations mathematically.
• Design and describe experiments, including data and error analysis.
• Clearly explain justifications and reasons for experimental interpretations in written form.
• Utilize computer interface technology.
• Build collaborative skills.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisite: Completion of Algebra II with a grade average of C+ or better or completion of Physics. 

AP Physics II is equivalent to a second-semester college course in algebra-based physics. It is not necessary to have taken a previous physics course to take this class. The course covers: fluid mechanics; thermodynamics; electricity and magnetism; mechanical and electromagnetic waves; modern physics.

Students are expected to be proficient in the following mathematical operations: solving linear equations, working with ratios and proportions, using basic trigonometry, and logarithmic functions.

Students will prepare for and take the AP Physics II exam in the spring for potential college credit.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Solve systems of equations mathematically.
• Design and describe experiments, including data and error analysis.
• Clearly explain justifications and reasons for experimental interpretations in written form.
• Utilize computer interface technology.
• Present data using spreadsheet software.
• Develop collaborative skills. 

3 credits

Grade level: 10, 11

Prerequisite: Grade of C or higher in Intermediate Algebra and Geometry. 

This course is for college-bound students desiring a strong background in science. Students should be self-motivated and like challenges. Problem solving skills are important, and will be developed through the year. Some topics covered include: atomic history, atoms, electrons, bonding and types of reactions. A scientific calculator and lab notebook are required.

Learner Outcomes:

Students will:

• Explain the atom using the current quantum model.
• Understand the concept of the mole.
• Understand chemistry in a historical context.
• Understand the nature of gases and the ideal gas law.
• Understand the nature of acids and bases.
• Interpret data using spreadsheet software. 

3 credits

Grade Level: 10, 11

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisite: C+ average in Pre-AP Biology, and a grade of B+ or higher in Advanced Intermediate Algebra. Students must have a recommendation from their 9th grade science teacher.

This is an in-depth and fast-paced study of the laws and principles of chemistry. Problem solving is integral. Explored comprehensively are atomic theory, chemical reactions, stoichiometry, bonding, molecular structure and geometry, periodicity, equilibrium, kinetics, thermodynamics, redox reactions, and descriptive chemistry. An extensive lab program reinforces the principles. A graphing calculator is required. Students must purchase a Rocket Book notebook for this class. 

Learner Outcomes:

Students will:

• Explain the atom using the current quantum mechanics model.
• Understand the significance of the mole and the role it plays in chemistry.
• Conceptualize molecules using valence-bond theory and the VSEPR model.
• Understand the kinetic molecular theory and the ideal gas law. 
• Gain a basic understanding of the analytical and mathematical tools used in the study and application of chemistry.
• Gather data in the lab using computer-interfaced tools such as Vernier hardware in conjunction with their computer.
• Gain technical writing skills by preparing formal lab reports and using spreadsheet software applications to present and graph data.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Students must maintain a "C" average to remain in the class.

Prerequisites: Advanced Algebra II or Accelerated Advanced Geometry/Algebra II. An average grade of C+ or higher in Pre AP Chemistry. Concurrent registration in, or completion of, Advanced Algebra II and instructor permission are required. This class may be taken for college credit through the St. Mary’s University PACC program. Tuition fees for college credit will apply.

This college-level course prepares students for the Advanced Placement Examination. Topics include: The structure of matter, gas laws, redox equations, thermodynamics, kinetics, acid-base theory, electrochemistry, equilibrium, organic chemistry and nuclear chemistry. Descriptive chemistry is covered in depth and lab experiments reinforce the principles. Successful completion of the assigned summer work is required for admission. Students are expected to take the AP Chemistry exam in May. A graphing calculator is required. Students must purchase a Rocket Book notebook for this class.

Learner Outcomes

Students will:

• Demonstrate skills of measuring, data collection, and data interpretation, using modern laboratory tools and equipment.
• Interpret simulations of chemical systems and relate them to concrete applications.
• Identify the internal components of the atom and define the functions and arrangements of each subatomic particle.
• Recognize energy pathways such as endothermic, exothermic, and free energy relationships throughout chemical reactions.
• Describe the five basic types of chemical reactions, and how they can be combined to form a system of equation.
• Explain the mechanisms of chemical reactions and how reaction rates are defined and calculated.
• Explain the nature of chemical equilibrium, how equilibrium positions are determined, and how they can be influenced.

3 credits

Grade Level: 11, 12

Prerequisites: Completion of one year of Biology and Chemistry with a grade of C or better.

Weighted Grade

This course is for students with a serious interest in the biological sciences and/or health-related careers.  It builds on the knowledge gained in previously completed biology and chemistry courses.  It is taught as a primer for a college anatomy course and will be offered for a PACC credit through Saint Mary’s University.  In this course, students will often engage with instructional content independently, outside of class.  Class time will primarily focus on active learning, including case studies, labs and dissections.  These dissections include various organs and a cat.

This course provides an overview of the organ systems in the body and also a look at how each system works down to the cellular level.  The content covered will provide a strong foundation for students going into any medical or health-related field.  Students will study the integumentary, skeletal, muscular, nervous, endocrine, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, immune, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Learner Outcomes:

Students will:

• Describe or demonstrate an understanding of the basic chemical processes in the human body.
• Utilize a basic working knowledge of medical terminology.
• Use directional, sectional, and planar terms to locate or identify structures in the body.
• Name and identify the basic organs and related structures of the 11 human organ systems.
• List and explain the major functions of each organ or organ system in the human body.
• Explain and demonstrate the interrelationships of structures, organs, and organ systems to maintain homeostasis.